The development of any carbon removal project incorporating the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide (without the production of oil or gas) in the United States requires the issuance of a Class VI UIC (Underground Injection Control) permit from EPA. The authority to regulate UIC wells on private lands is granted to EPA through the Safe Drinking Water Act; however, the current review process for obtaining a permit is lengthy, cumbersome, and poorly understood by project developers. In many cases, obtaining a Class VI UIC permit has been and will continue to be a primary bottleneck and uncertainty for near-term DAC and BECCS projects. Currently, EPA has only issued two Class VI permits.41 Notably, the permitting process for Class II UIC wells, which cover the injection of fluids associated with oil and gas production, including carbon dioxide, has effectively issued nearly 200,000 wells and could serve as an excellent reference for improvements to the Class VI permitting process.

Due to the lengthy process of obtaining a Class VI permit at the federal level, several state governments have begun the process of applying for Class VI primacy in order to permit geologic storage wells within their jurisdictions through state review. This application and review process is also lengthy and complex, and only North Dakota and Wyoming have currently received approval from EPA to issue Class VI permits. Presently, EPA is insufficiently staffed, funded, and resourced to meet the demand for Class VI UIC permits.42 Prioritize the review of Class VI UIC well applications to allow potential carbon storage projects to move forward. Because of the additional requirements associated with Class VI UIC permits (as opposed to Class II UIC permits), EPA should allocate additional staff and funding to support the accelerated review of Class VI UIC applications to avoid inhibiting the development of carbon removal projects. The administration should work with Congress to ensure that EPA funding is sufficient to meet these goals.

41. Congressional Research Service. (2020). Injection and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Federal Role and Issues for Congress (CRS Report No. R46192). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46192 

42. Geraci, M., Ali, S. J., Romolt, C. & Rossman, R. (2017). The Environmental Risks and Oversight of Enhanced Oil Recovery in the United States. Clean Water Action and Clean Water Fund. https://www.cleanwater.org/   

- - - from Carbon180 Transition Book 'Priorities for Administrative Action on Carbon Removal in 2021+'  https://carbon180.org/reports 

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Above.) This is where most Climate Changing CO2 comes from - Wood, Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, etc.
Lighting the fire provides the energy needed to get the reactants to break apart, the fire keeps reactions going and the excess heat produced is your benefit.
Zero is the the starting point, BLUE means Reactants [fuel] taking up heat energy [+], RED means Products [exhaust emissions] giving off heat energy [-].
The heat units (kilo joules, or kj) are absorbed (+) and liberated (-) by the breaking and forming of the molecular bonds.
 

(Above) A Somewhat More Complex Diagram Showing Setting Methane (Natural Gas) On Fire.
For most fires, you can't make heat without making CO2.

(Above) An old IPCC Chart edited by the web site author to show the addition of Tar Sands and Shale Oil, The Nuclear fuel Thorium,
and bit of the massive amount of recoverable Uranium dissolved in Sea Water.