StoppingClimateChange.com
Fast-tracking
The Phaseout Of Fossil Fuels
-
First Things First.
Ending Climate Change has two parts: Part 1,
Stopping Climate Change's relentless 100 million-ton-per-day CO2 growth. This is the quick and easy part. Part 2,
Sucking enough CO2 out of the air to bring nature's natural global warming back to what
it was at the beginning of WWII.
The world's 50,000+ coal power plants and
500+ oil refineries have caused most of Climate Change. As many as
necessary could be rapidly rebuilt to make carbon-neutral fuels. This would stop Climate
Change. The oil industry has the ability to do this.
Please check out the
INTRODUCTION page early in your visit. The objective of this website is to suggest an
effective plan to rapidly stop the growth of Climate Change from all fossil fuel sources within
5 years. This fast-track plan is technically and economically feasible, uses
only
developed technology, won't change the world's energy use habits, vehicles, or
energy infrastructure, provide mankind with genuinely cheap, abundant,
sustainable clean energy - and is rapidly scalable up to a global size large
enough to actually stop the growth of Climate Change quickly.
Carbon-captured
Fossil Heat or Nuclear Heat
+ Hydrogen + Biomass System - (Slides) - Dr Charles W. Forsberg .pdf
-
Quick slide show explanation.
Recycling air's CO2 into cheap clean fuels - abstract sketch above - is
shown in sketch below using standard industrial equipment to
assemble
GTL molecules
[
GTL ]
to make CO2-neutral fire fuels.
We can continue to provide mankind whichever
energy they need, whenever they need it, in whatever volumes they need it.
A combination of clean energy producing technologies for stopping Climate
Change's growth.
CO2's carbon has an
essential function in most
fire.
Equipping our existing nuclear
reactors with
Lightbridge's
much safer higher output fuel rods
[pdf] and building additional
NuScale
modular reactors in the U.S.' Northern tier states could provide enough electricity to power 100 times as many electric cars and
heat cities.
What is "
Carbon_neutrality
"?: Fossil fuel means we are using the carbon atoms from fossil fuel that
came from the ground, which, when burned, its carbon is then dumped into the air
forever where most of it accumulates, eventually causing Climate Change.
When a carbon atom is
fired
in air, it bonds with a couple of air's oxygen atoms,
creating carbon dioxide. Adding carbon dioxide to the air causes the air to
reflect heat back down to Planet Earth - like a blanket. Eventually excess heat
buildup causes Climate Change.
This website is suggesting instead we use the carbon atoms
from plants which removed their carbon from the air to make their cellulose (wood).
When fuel made from cellulosic carbon atoms is burned, the carbon atoms are returned
to the air, i.e., creating a carbon-neutral fire.
So the air neither looses or gains
carbon atoms.
Forest thinning machines that produce the equivalent of a controlled forest burn might harvest enough brush cellulosic carbon feedstock to replace America's need for oil to make gasoline.
Discussion pages. >
Oil Industry 2.0
The Technology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_liquor
Equipment pages. >
1
Original Plant Site
2 Plant
Renovation Project
3 Power Plant
Choices
4 Hydrogen,
Steam Generators
5 Biomass
Preparation Equipment
6 Plasma
Torch Gasifier
7 GTL Refinery 8
Fuels Description
GTL Technology Explained.
Watch video:
https://youtu.be/WYi6NZGAqvY
then, for context, watch:
GTL
(Left, Click to enlarge.)
CO2 disposal capacities for Michigan counties. (Right) Integral amine carbon
captured natural gas or oil power plant for above Clean Energy Park.
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Fast-tracking
The Phaseout Of Fossil Fuels
Using Carbon-captured Fossil
Fuels to Make Carbon-neutral Fossil Replacement Fuels
A reluctant bottom line: Personally, I would prefer using nuclear. Unfortunately, going nuclear with the new smaller, safer reactor technologies will probably entail delays lasting into the mid-2030s. Even then, production will come in dribbles and drabs for at least another 20 years.
We need thousands of Clean Energy Parks immediately if we are
to head off the worst of Climate Change. We can make do by using carbon captured
fossil fuels to power the manufacture of carbon-neutral fuels. These
biosynthetic fuels would be "drop-in" replacements of current fossil fuels in
general public use for powering existing vehicles and building heating systems.
We have a head start on obtaining Clean Energy Parks with the growing availability of unneeded coal power
plant sites since, worldwide, there will be over 50,000 of them for the taking
soon. Small to medium sized suburban or rural plants, i.e., equipped with one or
two 50 to 200 megaWatt generating units would be the most practical for
conversion to Clean Energy Parks. Many of the
world's coal power plants happen to be located directly
above
CO2 disposal strata. For example, in Michigan, above, left, perhaps a dozen unneeded Michigan coal power plant
sites are located directly above some of the best and safest CO2 disposal
geologic strata in the world.
All that is needed to sequester the captured CO2 from these plants (after
site evaluation by experts) is to drill a CO2 disposal well
straight down on plant property. Nothing could be quicker, cheaper, and likely, safer.
Repowering old coal power plants with carbon-captured natural gas turbines is
the first step. Gas turbines have been in mass production since about 1940 as jet
airplane engines. Every day, about one million ordinary people trust airplanes
with their lives. Either of two gas turbine configurations -
conventional carbon-captured natural gas - or
oil powered hybrid CO2
- are able to do the job. Either of them will prove to have dirt-cheap
initial cost compared to early Small Modular Nuclear Reactor (SMRs) facilities.
Standard Turbine/Generator modules equipped with duct heated Heat Recovery
Steam Generators (HRSG) are available in a wide variety of sizes for immediate delivery.
They are typically mounted on a standard outdoor concrete pad that can be
completed in several months by local building contractors working from
well-proven pad designs supplied by at least 10 different
world-class manufacturers who have already made tens of thousands of gas
turbines for the world's electricity and aircraft industries.
The carbon-capture systems for both gas and oil burning turbines can be added later if
carbon capture is not available as part of the turbine manufacturer's product line or
current government emissions mandates, perhaps
by one of the more than 20 different global chemical process engineering & construction companies. Some
of these E&C companies have been
designing and building industrial-scale carbon capture process facilities since
the mid-1930s.
The plasma gasifiers have been engineered by Alter (Westinghouse Plasma Division) (and others) and could be mass produced by automated shipyards on the same equipment used to build small ocean-going fishing vessels. The consumable plasma torches are currently being manufactured by Alter (and others) and are currently being used in multiple global facilities as Metropolitan Solid Waste Syngas Generators supplying syngas to Clean Electricity gas turbine generator power plants. An outstanding installation would be the United Kingdom's two 1,000 Ton-Per-Day (TPD) MSW (city garbage) gasifiers in the 2015 Tees Valley Units 1 and 2 project.
The small Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) fuel refineries have been engineered and are currently being offered to the energy industry by Shell (and others) for fuel manufacture using natural gas feedstock. Over the last several years many different catalytic GTL processes using syngas feedstock have also been engineered and patented. Watch Shell's https://youtu.be/WYi6NZGAqvY video to the end to see what they have come up with.
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Thoughts
1. Greenies are barking up the wrong tree - the
Tax Tree. Energy is a common commodity. Clean energy fuels
must be genuinely cheaper than fossil energy fuels before they will be
embraced by the world.
2. Climate Change's
growth must be STOPPED
before Climate Change can be REVERSED
. (We are currently dumping over 100 million tons of ADDITIONAL CO2 into the air
EVERY DAY.)
3. BECCS is probably a BAD idea. BIOMASS should never be
burned to produce electricity and industrial heat. Biomass' neutral carbon is too valuable. It is
feedstock for producing advanced liquid combustion fuels.
4. Possibly fewer than 1/4 of the world's coal power plants would need to be
rebuilt to stop Climate Change's growth from ALL fuel sources. The remaining 3/4
of the coal plants could then be shut down.
5. The world's oil industry has the ability to stop
the growth of Fossil Fuel Climate Change by using "Clean Energy Parks"
to make electricity and replace all fossil oil and gas fuels with
Carbon-neutral Oil and Gas fuels.
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Developed Industries Already Using These Fast Track Fossil Fuel Replacement Technologies
Shell Pearl: The world's largest Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) refinery.
https://www.shell.com.qa/en_qa/projects-and-sites/pearl-gtl.html
Showing what the oil industry could do to abate Climate Change
using syngas-to-liquids GTL technologies. Check out Shell's introductory video "What
is Pearl GTL?"
This website is about
clean Gas-to-Liquids (GTL)
fuels.
What is GTL? You can go back
and also check out Shell's other video "Shell's GTL Technology".
Shell Pearl clearly and simply illustrates the realization
that the world's oil industry has the capacity - personnel, know-how, equipment,
and economic ability - to rescue the world from much of the growth of Climate Change if
the world would make it worth their while.
Global mass production of simple, standardized, trouble-free Clean Energy Parks should
bring substantial reductions in cost-per-park along with improved performance
and reliability. Think what mass produced cars, airplanes, and ships have made
possible.
(Plasma torches break matter down into it's
basic atoms for re-assembly into new molecules. Although rare on earth,
plasma (think lightning and Star Trek weapons) is the fourth state of matter. Plasma is the most common form of matter in space.)
Notice the plasma gasifier has a 1,000 tons-of-garbage-per-day appetite so it
needs to be located near 1 large or at the intersection between several medium
size cities or in a forest near a number of sawmills and paper mills.
http://plascotechnologies.com/
is using city garbage (MSW) to make electricity now!
Check out their videos.
Don't let garbage go to waste! -
Let's not fritter away valuable CO2-neutral syngas by burning it to make electricity. Make
green gasoline instead!
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The material presented on this web site was
gathered from the internet or a few personal photos over the the last 10
years by a long-retired utility and industrial control systems engineer living
mostly on Social Security. His motivation for building this web site/blog
rather than a model railroad is his concern that most of the people making
decisions about Climate Change are from academia or politics and quite a few of
their Climate Change mitigation solutions - i.e., wind, solar, massive
batteries, etc. - display only a superficial awareness of the consequences of
thrusting massive amounts of chaotically fluctuating electricity from these
sources into the electricity grids powering modern industries located in
technologically advanced countries.
Old coal power plant sites, as Clean
Energy Parks,
would be platforms for industries offering clean energy solutions such as
fuel synthesis
that need the stable, predictable, no-carbon 24/7/365 electricity and heat available
from Carbon-captured and nuclear power plants.
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15,000 Clean Energy Parks From
50,000 Legacy Coal Power Plant Sites
The world built over 50,000 coal power plants
since World War II. We certainly can
remodel 15,000 of them into Clean Energy Parks in less than 10 years.
The entire world is covered with similar
coal power plant sites about to be shut down either due to emissions or worn
out. We couldn't be more fortunate.
(Left) U.S. Coal Power Plant Shutdown Schedule: Red-2000 to 2014, Yellow-2014 to 2050. (Right) Global Carbon Capture (CCS) Storage Locations.
Here is a small rural coal power plant site
scheduled for shutdown that is working very hard to upgrade itself to provide local industry with
a cleaner energy industrial park: https://michiganhub.com/
Note: U.S. Supercritical and Ultra Supercritical
Thermal (Coal) plants and their sites should be reserved for future carbon
capture development and considered out of bounds for Clean Energy Parks.
There are about 50,000 more or less identical coal power plant sites worldwide
that could make clean energy manufacturing locations.
No magic to tripling a coal power plant site's power output. Just install a
three or more times as powerful carbon-captured gas turbine or modular molten salt reactor
(SMR) adjacent to the abandoned old coal equipment.
Lights = Cities = Coal Power Plants (click)
Major Oil Refineries (click)
Gasification Facilities (click)
Oil Refinery
Background Books
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"Nothing in life is more liberating than to fight for a cause larger than yourself, something that encompasses you but is not defined by your existence alone" - John McCain.
"Technological fixes are often far simpler, and therefore cheaper, than the doomsayers could have imagined." - ( From Foreword )
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This website is based upon the understanding that
fossil fuels will always be preferred as long as clean energy fuels are more
expensive. Nuclear appears to be the best path to making cheap
clean fuels.
Already, there are over 50 different baby nuclear reactors incubating in
technology's development nest. You're bound to find several you like. I point out
four on this website that are all very different,
yet all very desirable for different applications such as producing electricity,
extreme heat, hydrogen, desalinated water, and, of course, carbon-neutral combustion fuels.
The world also has over 200 thousand stationary diesel engines in the 2,000
and under horsepower class cranking out electricity and pumping water in rural
locations. A swarm of tiny nuclear
micro-reactors are being developed to replace these
really dirty oil-burners.
Would it be worth living with
nuclear's problems if that's what it took to end Climate Change's problems?
Nuclear is the most powerful clean energy tool
available.
Of the $556.7
million green-leaning foundations spent from 2011-15, “not
a single grant supported work on promoting or reducing the cost of nuclear
energy.”
https://www.wsj.com/articles/climate-change-has-run-its-course-1528152876
If environmentalism's base - such as Sierra Club -
really cared about stopping Climate Change, they would have been 100% behind
nuclear by 1990. In light of the bad things Climate Change is bringing to the
world, their opposition to nuclear is simply criminal.
Nuclear's real danger is what happens when Climate Change causes crop failure,
then famine, then mass migrations. Then nuclear weapons will be used to
gain and keep control of the world's still-fertile regions regardless of other
consequences.
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International Panel on Climate Change: Sixth (2018) Assessment Report: https://www.ipcc.ch/
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(From Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center Q&A): Q. In terms of mass, how much carbon does 1 part per
million by volume of atmospheric CO2
represent?
A. Using 5.137 x 1018
kg as the mass of the atmosphere (Trenberth, 1981 JGR 86:5238-46), 1 ppmv of CO2
=
2.13 Gt of carbon. [G = Giga, or billion.]
- - - So, 400 ppmv CO2 =
852 Gt of carbon, or 852 billion tons of carbon, or, times 44/12 for CO2
to include the weight of the 2 oxygens at 16 each and one carbon at 12 each
= 3,124 billion (3.124 trillion) tons of CO2.
This is why this website is about HALTING the GROWTH of additional CO2,
rather than pulling enough existing old CO2
out of the air to make things right again.
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